Producing nitrogen to use in under balanced drilling, secondary recovery production operations and pipeline maintenance

ABSTRACT

The invention uses a feed of atmospheric air and mixes the air with hydrogen. The hydrogen and air mixture is fed into a catalytic reactor where a deoxygenation reaction occurs. The deoxygenation reaction uses a platinum catalyst to produce water from oxygen and hydrogen. The nitrogen passes through the catalytic reactor without reacting with the hydrogen, the oxygen, or the water. The water is separated from the nitrogen in a dryer. The nitrogen may then be used in drilling and production operations. The water is fed into an electrolyzer where an electrolysis reaction occurs. The electrolyzer passes an electrical current through the water to produce gaseous oxygen and hydrogen. The hydrogen is recycled back to the catalytic reactor and the oxygen may be vented or sold.

This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 10/786,756,filed Feb. 25, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,468,173 status allowed.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a method for separating air into gaseous oxygenand gaseous nitrogen, and using the nitrogen to induce under balanceddrilling conditions, to improve the production of oil in secondaryrecovery operations, or to clean a pipeline. In all applications, theoxygen that is produced is considered a by-product that can be sold orvented.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Traditional drilling operations employ the circulation of a weighteddrilling fluid (i.e. mud) such that the hydrostatic pressure of thedrilling fluid contained in a well bore is equal to or greater than thepressure exerted by the formation being drilled. Traditional drillingcan be preferable because the weight of the mud column preventsflammable hydrocarbons from entering the well bore. However, traditionaldrilling also creates operational challenges due to a positive pressuredifferential between the well bore and the formation. Examples ofoperational challenges include differential sticking of the drill pipe,reservoir damage due to filter cake, increased costs of well completion,and reduced permeability and production from the formation.

In response to these challenges, a drilling method called under balanceddrilling has been developed. In under balanced drilling, the hydrostaticpressure of the drilling fluid is less than the pore pressure of theformation. Under balanced drilling has the potential to be hazardousbecause oil and gas could blowout from the well bore, releasing a largeamount of flammable hydrocarbons into the atmosphere. However,improvements in blowout prevention equipment have made it possible todrill safely in an under balanced condition. Benefits of under balanceddrilling include increasing the drilling rate, limiting lostcirculation, limiting reservoir damage, reducing differential sticking,and reducing the cost of well completions. Under balanced drilling canbe beneficial when drilling directional and horizontal wells that targetoil and gas reservoirs for production purposes.

To accomplish under balanced drilling conditions, the weight of thedrilling fluid must be reduced so that the hydrostatic pressure withinthe well bore is less than that of the formation. Standard methods ofreducing weight of the drilling fluid include replacing the drillingfluid with a gas (i.e. air, nitrogen or natural gas drilling), infusingthe drilling fluid with a gas to reduce the density of the mud (i.e.gas-cut mud drilling), and creating a foam from a gas and a liquid andusing the foam as the drilling fluid (i.e. foam drilling). In each case,under balanced drilling involves the introduction of a gas into the wellbore. The gases that are used for drilling may also be used duringpost-drilling operations for various well-completion and productionactivities such as cleaning out well bores, cleaning pipelines, andreservoir injection to stimulate production in secondary recoveryprojects. Secondary recovery is an oilfield term used to describe anyprocess such as the injection of gas into a reservoir to restore oilproduction from a subsurface formation where the primary drive mechanismand reservoir pressure have been depleted. Pipeline cleaning, also knownas pigging, is the process of forcing a device called a pig that is madeof hard rubber, plastic or metal and shaped like a sphere or a cylinderthrough a pipeline to remove condensate that collects in low places inthe pipeline.

For both under balanced drilling and other gas-related oilfieldapplications, the traditional options for gas selection include air (79%N₂ and 21% O₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), natural gas, and nitrogen (N₂).The oxygen in the air presents the risk of down hole fire or explosionbecause the oxygen can promote an explosive atmosphere when mixed withhydrocarbons within the well bore. The resulting well bore fire can bevery costly and disruptive to drilling operations. Use of air or carbondioxide also presents the risk of increased corrosion of down hole pipeand equipment, requiring expensive corrosion prohibition and treatmentto the drilling or production equipment. The use of natural gas can beprohibitively expensive for sustained drilling operations and increasesthe risk of hazardous exposure for drilling personnel.

Of the available gas options, nitrogen provides the most benefit forunder balanced drilling while presenting the fewest associated risks.Nitrogen is inert and does not create a risk of down hole fires orexplosions. Nitrogen is not corrosive and does not require additionalcorrosion protection for the drilling or production equipment. Nitrogenis also considered relatively safe to use, as it is not flammable anddoes not present an undue safety risk for personnel involved in thedrilling operation. Therefore, it is highly desirable to have a supplyof pure nitrogen available for use during under balanced drilling,secondary recovery projects and other oilfield operations and such aspipeline pigging. If the nitrogen is generated at the well site,producing field or pipeline site, the generation of nitrogen should becost effective in that it does not place an undue financial burden onthe under balanced drilling project, the secondary recovery operation,or pipeline cleaning process.

The nitrogen producing equipment must meet other demands that are uniqueto drilling, production, and pipeline operations. The physical locationof the drilling operation, secondary recovery project, or pipelineaccess point can be remote, so the nitrogen production equipment must beable to be transported to remote places. Drilling operations typicallylast less than three months, so the nitrogen producing equipment must bemobile enough to move from one location to another along with thedrilling equipment. The nitrogen producing equipment must also be pricedsuch that the cost of the nitrogen producing equipment does not prohibitthe use of nitrogen at the well site. Thus, a need exists for arelatively inexpensive method for producing nitrogen in which thenitrogen producing equipment can be frequently moved to remotelocations.

There are four generally understood methods for generating nitrogen. Thefirst generally understood method for generating nitrogen is cryogenicdistillation. Cryogenic distillation is a process in which air iscondensed into a liquid form, and then separated into component streamsin a distillation column. Cryogenic distillation can produce extremelypure streams of nitrogen and oxygen. Unfortunately, the cryogenicdistillation process is very expensive and is generally considered costprohibitive for drilling uses.

The second generally understood method for generating nitrogen ispressure swing adsorption (PSA). PSA is a process in which air isconfined in a chamber with an adsorption catalyst and drastic and/orrapid changes in the pressure of the gas causes one type of molecule,oxygen, to adsorb onto the catalyst, while the other molecule, nitrogen,exits the catalyst chamber. The catalyst type and residence time can bevaried to achieve desired purity levels of the resultant nitrogenstream. However, the PSA process is not preferable because the PSAequipment can be too large and heavy to be easily moved from onelocation to another. The cost of frequently compressing the air can beprohibitive as well.

The third generally understood method for generating nitrogen ismembrane filtration. Membrane filtration is a process in which airpasses through a membrane unit which separates some of the oxygen fromthe nitrogen by means of membrane pores sized to filter the largermolecule, oxygen, out of the smaller molecule, nitrogen. While themembrane quality can be varied to achieve different purity levels ofnitrogen, even with the most efficient membranes sufficient oxygenremains in the nitrogen to create corrosion. Thus, the membranefiltration method does not generate nitrogen of sufficient purity toeliminate the need for corrosion inhibitors for under balanced drillingconditions.

The fourth generally understood method for generating nitrogen iscombustion. Combustion reactions provide for the burning of a substancein the presence of air to consume the oxygen in the air while leavingthe nitrogen intact. One drawback of combustion is that the nitrogenproduct is mixed with carbon dioxide as a result of the reaction. Thecombustion reaction can also produce other impurities such as carbonmonoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NO_(X)). These pollutants areundesirable in the nitrogen and must be removed in order for thenitrogen stream to be usable for under balanced drilling operations.Therefore, combustion is not an appropriate means for nitrogenproduction at the well site.

The prior art has previously addressed the need for nitrogen at the wellsite. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,494,262 (the '262 patent) entitled“Non-Cryogenic Production of Nitrogen for On-Site Injection in WellClean Out” discloses a method for cleaning out a well using a compressedinert gas, such as nitrogen, produced by the non-cryogenic separation ofair. The inert gas is delivered to the region of the well whereundesirable matter has collected. In particular, the '262 patentprovides for the inert gas to be supplied onsite by the separation ofair using a membrane filtration or a PSA system. Neither membranefiltration nor PSA can provide the purity level of nitrogen required toeliminate corrosion during under balanced drilling operations.Therefore, a need exists for an improved method for producing nitrogenat a well site that is able to produce nitrogen of sufficient purity tosignificantly reduce the potential for corrosion in under balanceddrilling operations, secondary recovery projects, and pipelinemaintenance.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,206,113 (the '113 patent) entitled “Non-CryogenicNitrogen for On-Site Downhole Drilling and Post Drilling OperationsApparatus” discloses a method for enhancing hydrocarbon production bydelivering a nitrogen rich gas produced from a non-cryogenic source intothe well or reservoir where the hydrocarbons are located. In particular,the '113 patent provides for the inert gas, such as nitrogen, to besupplied onsite by separating air using membrane filtration or PSA.Neither membrane filtration nor PSA provides the purity level ofnitrogen required to prevent corrosion during under balanced drilling,post drilling operations commonly known as secondary recovery andpipeline maintenance. Therefore, a need exists for an improved methodfor producing nitrogen at a well or field site that is able to producenitrogen of sufficient purity to be used in under balanced drilling,secondary recovery, and pipeline maintenance operations.

The four generally understood methods for producing nitrogen are notpreferable for under balanced drilling operations. The cost of thecryogenic distillation equipment is prohibitive for under balanceddrilling operations. The membrane filtration units typically do notcreate nitrogen of sufficient purity to prevent corrosion in underbalanced drilling operations. The PSA units are bulky and are notsufficiently portable for under balanced drilling operations. Thecombustion equipment is inexpensive and portable, but produces nitrogenthat contains undesirable contaminants rendering the nitrogen unsuitablefor under balanced drilling operations. Therefore, a need exists for amethod of producing sufficiently pure nitrogen using mobile equipment,in which the nitrogen is suitable for under balanced drilling, secondaryrecovery, and pipeline maintenance operations.

Recently, a new method of removing oxygen from air, the deoxygenationreaction, has been developed. The deoxygenation reaction uses a platinumcatalyst to react the oxygen in air with a hydrogen feed to producewater. The products of the deoxygenation reaction are water andnitrogen. When the correct ratios of air and hydrogen are used,virtually all of the oxygen in the air is converted into water. Theresulting nitrogen/water stream can be cooled to condense the water outof the nitrogen, if desired. This process is illustrated in U.S. Pat.No. 6,274,102 (the '102 patent) entitled “Compact Deoxo System.” Thedeoxygenation reaction in the '102 patent is useful and could be usedfor under balanced drilling operations. However, because oxygen is avery valuable gas, it would be more desirable for the overall process toseparate the oxygen from the nitrogen instead of consuming the oxygen.The oxygen could then be sold to help finance the cost of thedeoxygenation equipment, drilling equipment, drilling operations, andproduction operations. Therefore, a need still exists for a method forseparating air into oxygen and nitrogen in which the oxygen stream isnot consumed in the process.

Consequently, a need exists for a process to produce nitrogen in whichthe process equipment can be easily moved to remote locations. The needextends to a nitrogen production method that is able to produce nitrogenof sufficient purity for under balanced drilling, secondary recoveryoperation, or pipeline maintenance. A need exists for a method ofproducing nitrogen that is relatively contaminant-free. Finally, a needexists for producing nitrogen in which the oxygen is not consumed in thenitrogen generation process.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a method for the generation of nitrogenonsite for use in drilling, production, and other oilfield operations.This method employs a deoxygenation reaction to derive nitrogen (N₂)from a catalyzed reaction of air and hydrogen (H₂). The applications foruse of the nitrogen include, but are not limited to, under balanceddrilling, post-drilling operations, well completion, secondary recoveryproduction operations, and pipeline maintenance. The preferredembodiment provides for all components of the process to be contained onskids that can be hauled to a drilling or field location. The skids canbe loaded onto a trailer and moved from one location to another. Thepreferred embodiment further provides for one primary product and oneby-product. The primary product of nitrogen is used during the underbalanced drilling process, secondary recovery production operations, andpipeline cleaning process. The by-product of oxygen is available forcommercial use or sale. The preferred embodiment provides for the saleof the oxygen by-product for medical or other distribution in such a wayas to make the process more economically feasible for use in underbalanced drilling, secondary recovery operations, or pipeline cleaningprocess by offsetting the cost of the project as a whole.

The invention feeds water into an electrolyzer where an electrolysisreaction occurs. The electrolyzer passes an electrical current throughthe water to separate the two elements that form water: oxygen andhydrogen. The oxygen may be vented or sold. The hydrogen is combinedwith atmospheric air and fed into the catalytic reactor where adeoxygenation reaction occurs. The deoxygenation reaction uses aplatinum catalyst to produce water from oxygen and hydrogen. Thenitrogen passes through the catalytic reactor without reacting with thehydrogen, the oxygen, or the water. The water is separated from thenitrogen in a dryer and is recycled back to the electrolyzer. Thenitrogen may then be used in under balanced drilling, secondary recoveryproduction operations, or pipeline cleaning process.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are setforth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well asa preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, willbest be understood by reference to the following detailed description ofan illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a process flow diagram of the presentinvention;

FIG. 2 is an illustration of a physical diagram of the presentinvention;

FIG. 3 is an illustration of a well site utilizing the presentinvention;

FIG. 4 is an illustration of secondary reservoir recovery using thepresent invention; and

FIG. 5 is an illustration of the pipeline cleaning apparatus using thepresent invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The present invention is a method for separating air into oxygen andnitrogen and using the nitrogen gas for under balanced drillingoperations. FIG. 1 illustrates the flow of materials through the presentinvention. The present invention consumes an inlet feed of air andseparates the air into two effluent streams: an oxygen stream and anitrogen stream. The equipment depicted in FIG. 1, along with the pumps,valves, and controls associated with the equipment, can be mounted on atleast one structural steel skid for easy movement from one well site toanother. When mounted on a skid, the present invention does not requireany additional support structure other than electricity, which isreadily available at the well site. The present invention does notrequire any support structure because the inlet air can be consumed fromthe atmosphere, the effluent nitrogen is stored within a storage tankuntil needed for the under balanced drilling operations, and theeffluent oxygen can be vented to the atmosphere. In the preferredembodiment, the effluent oxygen can be bottled and sold to help financethe cost of capital expenditures and drilling operations.

As seen in FIG. 1, air (79% N₂, 21% O₂) enters the invention from theatmosphere. The air is fed into compressor 102 that pressurizes the airto a suitable pressure to enter mixing chamber 104. Mixing chamber 104mixes a stoichiometric or other preferable ratio of hydrogen (H₂) fromstorage tank 122 and air from compressor 102. The mixture of hydrogenand air is fed into catalytic reactor 106.

Catalytic reactor 106 is a plug-flow type reactor that allows thedeoxygenation reaction to occur. The deoxygenation reaction consumes thehydrogen (H₂) and the oxygen (O₂) in the inlet feed to produce water(H₂O). The nitrogen (N₂) passes through the catalytic reactor withoutreacting with the hydrogen, the oxygen, or the water. The reaction isdescribed as:2H₂(g)+O₂(g)→2H₂O(g)+heat

The heat of reaction is −1854 kJ/mol of water formed. Thus, for everyone percent of oxygen in the volume of gas passing through the catalyst,there is an estimated 300 degree Fahrenheit (° F.) rise in temperatureacross the catalyst. In the preferred embodiment, the catalyst isplatinum. Platinum, however, has a temperature limit of 1300° F. underwhich it is an effective catalyst for the deoxygenation reaction. Due tothe platinum limitations and the exothermic properties of thedeoxygenation reaction, a heat exchanger is needed to keep the catalystsufficiently cooled.

A temperature control system is also needed to be installed in theequipment to maintain the catalytic reactor's 106 temperature in a rangethat is hot enough for the initiation of the reaction and cool enough toprotect the catalyst. The temperature control system connects to thecatalytic reactor 106 as well as to heat exchanger 108, to regulate thetemperature of the catalyst through a feedback loop. The catalyticreactor 106 will initially be heated by resistance heaters to atemperature hot enough for the reaction to begin (approximately 200°F.). Once the reaction begins, the generated heat of reaction will besufficient to maintain the continued deoxygenation reaction. To prolongthe platinum catalyst's life, the temperature control system will useheat exchanger 108 to maintain the catalytic reactor's 106 temperaturewithin an appropriate temperature range (approximately 200-1000° F.).The preferred embodiment also provides for safety controls to beinstalled that will shut down the reaction process if the safety limitsare exceeded.

Heat exchanger 108 cycles a cooling fluid through catalytic reactor 106.The cooling fluid is then fed back into heat exchanger 108 where thecooling fluid passes through a series of tubes. A fan underneath thetubes cools the tubes and, therefore, the fluid inside the tubes.Alternative to heat exchanger 108, persons of ordinary skill in the artwill appreciate that the present invention can be configured with othertypes of heat exchangers such as a shell and tube type heat exchanger, aplate fin heat exchanger, or a bayonet type heat exchanger. Persons ofordinary skill in the art are aware of other types of heat exchangersother than those described herein.

In an alternative embodiment, the present invention may also beconfigured with an electrical generator, such as a steam turbine, thatis connected to the heat exchanger. In this embodiment, the heat fromthe exothermic reaction in catalytic reactor 106 can be used to generateelectricity. The electricity may be used to run electrolyzer 118, anyother equipment of the present invention, or the drilling operations atthe well site.

The effluent from catalytic reactor 106 is a stream of water andnitrogen. The water and nitrogen stream passes into dryer 110. Dryer 110condenses the water out of the nitrogen and water stream. Dryer 110 ispreferably connected to heat exchanger 111. However, in alternativeembodiments, dryer 110 may also be a chemical dryer or a condenser.Persons of ordinary skill in the art are aware of other types of dryers110.

Heat exchanger 111 cycles a cooling fluid through dryer 110. The coolingfluid is then fed back into heat exchanger 111 where the cooling fluidpasses through a series of tubes. A fan underneath the tubes cools thetubes and, therefore, the fluid inside the tubes. Alternative to heatexchanger 111, persons of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate thatthe present invention can be configured with other types of heatexchangers such as a shell and tube type heat exchanger, a plate finheat exchanger, or a bayonet type heat exchanger. Persons of ordinaryskill in the art are aware of other types of heat exchangers other thanthose described herein.

The nitrogen gas from dryer 110 is stored in storage tank 112. Whenneeded for under balanced drilling operations, the nitrogen iscompressed in compressor 114 and sent down the well bore to the underbalanced drilling equipment. Persons of ordinary skill in the art areaware of various types of under balanced drilling equipment that requirenitrogen. The nitrogen may also be used for any other type of drillingand/or production operations. Persons of ordinary skill in the art areaware of other needs for nitrogen gas at the well site includingcleaning out the well bore and enhancing the production of hydrocarbonssuch as oil and gas.

The water effluent from dryer 110 is stored in storage tank 116.Depending on the efficiency and throughput rate of catalytic reactor 106and electrolyzer 118, storage tank 116 may need to be periodicallyrecharged with water. Persons of ordinary skill in the art willappreciate that storage tank 116 may need to be periodically rechargedwith water for other reasons including start-up the present invention.The water then passes to electrolyzer 118. Electrolyzer 118 passes anelectrical current through water in a process called electrolysis. Theelectrical current breaks the water molecule bonds and produces gaseoushydrogen at the cathode and gaseous oxygen at the anode. The reactioncan be described as:2H₂O(g)+electricity→2H₂(g)+O₂(g)The oxygen is collected at the anode and is stored in storage tank 120.The oxygen may then be bottled and packaged for sale to the public.Alternatively, the oxygen from electrolyzer 118 may be vented to theatmosphere. Electrolyzer 118 may be powered by electricity or by a solarpanel. In an alternative embodiment, electrolyzer 118 is powered byelectricity generated from the heat generated by the exothermic reactionof catalytic reactor 106.

The hydrogen from electrolyzer 118 is captured at the cathode and storedin storage tank 122. Depending on the efficiency and throughput rate ofcatalytic reactor 106 and electrolyzer 118, storage tank 122 may need tobe periodically recharged with hydrogen. Persons of ordinary skill inthe art will appreciate that storage tank 122 may need to beperiodically recharged with hydrogen for other reasons includingstart-up the present invention. The hydrogen in storage tank 122 is thenrecycled into mixing chamber 104. A compressor (not shown) may beimplemented between storage tank 122 and mixing chamber 104 topressurize the hydrogen prior to entering mixing chamber 104.

The equipment of the present invention may be sized according to thedesired flow of nitrogen or oxygen out of the present invention. In anembodiment producing 4.88 lb/min (79 mol/min) of nitrogen gas, theprocess flow streams are depicted in table 1 below:

TABLE 1 Total Flow N₂ O₂ H₂ H₂0 (mol/ (mol/ (mol/ (mol/ (mol/ StreamPhase min) min) min) min) min) A Gas 100 79 21 0 0 B Gas 142 79 21 42 0C Gas 121 79 0 0 42 D Gas 79 79 0 0 0 E Liquid 42 0 0 0 42 F Gas 21 0 210 0 G Gas 42 0 0 42 0The stream identification letters A through G correspond to the circledletters in FIG. 1.

The present invention uses hydrogen as reducing gas in the deoxygenationreaction of the present invention. While hydrogen is the preferredreducing gas, persons of ordinary skill in the art are aware of otherreducing gases that are usable in the present invention. For example,gaseous hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane, and butane may beused in the present invention. Persons of ordinary skill in the art areaware of other reducing gasses that may be used in the presentinvention.

FIG. 2 depicts the present invention on a skid 100. Placement of theequipment of the present invention on a skid 100 is preferable for wellsite operations because skid 100 containing the present invention may beloaded onto a truck and moved from one location to another.

FIG. 3 depicts the surface equipment that is needed to drill an underbalanced well using the present invention. Some of the equipment shownsuch as drilling derrick 400, drilling fluid pump 402, and mudtank/solids control equipment 406 are used in most conventional drillingoperations. Other equipment for under balanced drilling, such asfour-phase (oil, water, cuttings, and gas) separator 404, flare stack405, oil storage tanks 409, and drilling fluid storage tanks 408, arealso shown. Skid 100 is located sufficiently close to the other surfaceequipment so that the nitrogen from the present invention can be used inunder balanced drilling.

FIG. 4 is an illustration of the process of secondary reservoir recoveryusing the present invention. Skid 100 produces nitrogen that is injectedinto the reservoir through a gas injection well. The gas permeatesthrough the viscible regions of the formation and pushes the oil towardsthe producing wells. The oil may then be pumped to the surface using theproduction wells. Persons of ordinary skill in the art are aware of howto configure a plurality of wells for secondary recovery when a sourceof nitrogen gas, such as skid 100, is present.

FIG. 5 is an illustration of the pipeline cleaning apparatus using thepresent invention. Skid 100 produces nitrogen that is injected into thepipeline behind a cleaning device called the pig. The nitrogen gasforces the pig through the pipeline where the pig cleans the inside ofthe pipeline. The pig is captured at a receiver station. Persons ofordinary skill in the art are aware of how to clean a pipeline with apig when a source of nitrogen gas, such as skid 100, is present.

With respect to the above description, it is to be realized that theoptimum dimensional relationships for the parts of the invention, toinclude variations in size, materials, shape, form, function, manner ofoperation, assembly, and use are deemed readily apparent and obvious toone of ordinary skill in the art. The present invention encompasses allequivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings anddescribed in the specification. The novel spirit of the presentinvention is still embodied by reordering or deleting some of the stepscontained in this disclosure. The spirit of the invention is not meantto be limited in any way except by proper construction of the followingclaims.

1. An apparatus for separating air into nitrogen and oxygen, theapparatus comprising: a mixing chamber that mixes air and a reducing gasto obtain an inlet gas; wherein the air comprises oxygen and nitrogen;wherein the inlet gas is fed into a reactor; wherein the reactor reactsthe reducing gas with the oxygen in the air to substantially eliminatethe oxygen, thereby producing an effluent gas comprising nitrogen andwater; a first separator that separates the nitrogen in the effluent gasfrom the water in the effluent gas; and a second separator thatseparates the water in the effluent gas into a hydrogen gas and anoxygen gas.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising: wherein thenitrogen is used in a well site operation.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1further comprising: wherein the oxygen gas is sold; and wherein thehydrogen gas is recycled into the inlet gas.
 4. The apparatus of claim 3wherein the second separator uses electrolysis to separate the hydrogengas and the oxygen gas from the water.
 5. The apparatus of claim 3further comprising: wherein the oxygen gas is sold or vented.
 6. Theapparatus of claim 5 wherein the second separator uses electrolysis toseparate the hydrogen gas and the oxygen gas from the water.
 7. Theapparatus of claim 1 wherein the reaction occurring in the reactorbetween the reducing gas and the oxygen in the air is a catalyzedreaction.
 8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the catalyst is platinum.9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the reaction occurring in thereactor between the reducing gas and the oxygen is a deoxygenationreaction.
 10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the reactor maintains atemperature high enough to support the reaction and low enough toprevent damage to the catalyst.
 11. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein thereactor maintains a temperature between approximately 200° F. andapproximately 1000° F.
 12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the reducinggas is hydrogen.
 13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the reducing gasis a gaseous hydrocarbon.
 14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the wellsite operation is drilling.
 15. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein thewell site operation is under balanced drilling.
 16. The apparatus ofclaim 1 wherein the well site operation is production.
 17. The apparatusof claim 1 wherein the well site operation is secondary recovery. 18.The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the well site operation is pipelinecleaning.
 19. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising: a heatexchanger used to regulate the temperature of the reactor.
 20. Theapparatus of claim 19 wherein the heat exchanger is an air cooler. 21.The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first separator is a dryer.
 22. Theapparatus of claim 21 wherein the dryer is a heat exchanger.
 23. Theapparatus of claim 21 wherein the dryer is a chemical dryer.
 24. Theapparatus of claim 1 wherein the heat from the reaction between thereducing gas and the oxygen is used to produce electricity.
 25. Anapparatus for use at a well site, the apparatus comprising: means formixing air and a reducing gas to obtain an inlet gas; wherein the aircomprises oxygen and nitrogen; means for feeding the inlet gas into areactor; means for reacting the reducing gas with the oxygen in the airto substantially eliminate the oxygen, thereby producing an effluent gascomprising nitrogen and water; means for separating the nitrogen in theeffluent gas from the water in the effluent gas; and means for using thenitrogen in a well site operation.
 26. The apparatus of claim 25 furthercomprising: means for separating the water in the effluent gas into ahydrogen gas and an oxygen gas; means for selling the oxygen gas; andmeans for recycling the hydrogen gas into the inlet gas.
 27. Theapparatus of claim 26 wherein the means for separating the hydrogen gasand the oxygen gas uses electrolysis.
 28. The apparatus of claim 25further comprising: means for separating the water into a hydrogen gasand an oxygen gas; and means for selling or venting the oxygen gas. 29.The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the means for separating the hydrogengas and the oxygen gas from the water uses electrolysis.
 30. Theapparatus of claim 25 wherein the reaction between the reducing gas andthe oxygen is a catalyzed reaction.
 31. The apparatus of claim 30wherein the catalyst is platinum.
 32. The apparatus of claim 25 whereinthe reaction between the reducing gas and the oxygen is a deoxygenationreaction.
 33. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein the means for reactingmaintains a temperature high enough to support the reaction and lowenough to prevent damage to the catalyst.
 34. The apparatus of claim 33wherein the means for reacting maintains a temperature betweenapproximately 200° F. and approximately 1000° F.
 35. The apparatus ofclaim 25 wherein the reducing gas is hydrogen.
 36. The apparatus ofclaim 25 wherein the reducing gas is a gaseous hydrocarbon.
 37. Theapparatus of claim 25 wherein the well site operation is drilling. 38.The apparatus of claim 25 wherein the well site operation is underbalanced drilling.
 39. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein the well siteoperation is production.
 40. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein the wellsite operation is secondary recovery.
 41. The apparatus of claim 25wherein the well site operation is pipeline cleaning.
 42. The apparatusof claim 25 wherein a heat exchanger is used to regulate the temperatureof the means for reacting.
 43. The apparatus of claim 42 wherein theheat exchanger is an air cooler.
 44. The apparatus of claim 25 whereinthe nitrogen in the effluent gas is separated from the water in theeffluent gas using a means for drying.
 45. The apparatus of claim 44wherein the means for drying is a heat exchanger.
 46. The apparatus ofclaim 44 wherein the means for drying is a chemical dryer.
 47. Theapparatus of claim 25 wherein the heat from the reaction between thereducing gas and the oxygen is used to produce electricity.
 48. Anapparatus for use at a well site, the apparatus comprising: means formixing air and a reducing gas to obtain an inlet gas; wherein the aircomprises oxygen and nitrogen; means for feeding the inlet gas into areactor; means for reacting the reducing gas with the oxygen in the airto substantially eliminate the oxygen, thereby producing an effluent gascomprising nitrogen and water; wherein a heat exchanger is used toregulate the temperature of the means for reacting; means for separatingthe nitrogen in the effluent gas from the water in the effluent gas;means for using the nitrogen in a well site operation; means forseparating the water in the effluent gas into a hydrogen gas and anoxygen gas using electrolysis; means for selling the oxygen gas; meansfor recycling the hydrogen gas into the inlet gas; wherein the reactionbetween the reducing gas and the oxygen is a deoxygenation reactionusing platinum as a catalyst; wherein the means for reacting maintains atemperature high enough to support the reaction and low enough toprevent damage to the catalyst; wherein the means for reacting maintainsa temperature between approximately 200° F. and approximately 1000° F.;wherein the heat from the reaction between the reducing gas and theoxygen is used to produce electricity.
 49. The apparatus of claim 48wherein the reducing gas is hydrogen.
 50. The apparatus of claim 48wherein the reducing gas is a gaseous hydrocarbon.
 51. The apparatus ofclaim 48 wherein the well site operation is drilling.
 52. The apparatusof claim 48 wherein the well site operation is under balanced drilling.53. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein the well site operation isproduction.
 54. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein the well siteoperation is secondary recovery.
 55. The apparatus of claim 48 whereinthe well site operation is pipeline cleaning.
 56. The apparatus of claim48 wherein the heat exchanger is an air cooler.
 57. The apparatus ofclaim 48 wherein the means for drying is a heat exchanger.
 58. Theapparatus of claim 48 wherein the means for drying is a chemical dryer.